T.vaginalis/N.gonorrhoeae Multiplex
A test for detecting Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA in human biomaterial by real-time PCR.
Category «Urogenital infections»
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative, motionless, non-spore-forming bacterium that causes gonococcal infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae possesses multiple pathogenicity factors that promote adhesion to and invasion of urogenital tract epithelial cells. Gonococci also produce proteases that destroy secretory immunoglobulins, which prevents a full-scale immune response.
Gonococci affect the cylindrical epithelial cells of the urethra and cervical canal and spread through the mucosa and lymphatic vessels to other parts of the urogenital tract: posterior urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, testicular appendages, fallopian tubes, ovaries. In menopausal women, the cells of the vaginal epithelium may be affected leading to the development of vulvovaginitis. The most common clinical manifestations in women are discharge from the urethra and/or genital tract, itching and burning sensations, pain during urination and intercourse. In men, urethral discharge, itching, burning, pain during urination may be present. Chronic infection may cause infertility in both sexes. If the infection is ascending, there is a possibility of developing PID. Gonococcal infection during pregnancy may be associated with adverse birth outcomes, including preterm labor, premature rupture of fetal membranes, low birth weight, neonatal ophthalmia, and perinatal mortality. In extragenital forms of the disease, the mucosa of the oropharynx, rectum, and conjunctiva may be affected.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomoniasis, one of the most common non-gonococcal infections. T. vaginalis attaches to the epithelial cells of the urogenital tract using flagella and specific adhesin proteins. Trichomonads produce cytotoxic chemicals such as cell uncoupling factor and N-nitrosamines, which stimulate the development of epithelial atypia and dysplasia.
Trichomonads have tropism for flat epithelium. In women, urogenital trichomoniasis frequently leads to the development of vulvovaginitis, cervicitis, less often - urethritis; and can be accompanied by symptoms such as malodorous discharge from the genital tract, itching and/or burning sensations, pain during urination and intercourse. If the infection is ascending, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may develop. In men, the epithelium of the urethral mucosa is primarily infected, with a subsequent spread of trichomonads to the prostate tissue, seminal vesicles. The most common symptoms are urethral discharge and pain during urination. Urogenital trichomoniasis is associated with complications such as ectopic pregnancy, preterm labor, low birth weight, and infertility in both sexes.
Multiplex testing for Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae has important advantages:
- simultaneous detection of several pathogens is of great clinical significance, since associations of pathogenic microorganisms with each other are characteristic of urogenital tract infections;
- accurate identification of pathogens, which allows timely prescription of etiotropic therapy;
- time-saving: multiplex PCR allows for quick etiologic and differential diagnosis, even in cases of asymptomatic disease course.
Indications for testing
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Signs of inflammation in the urogenital tract; -
Redness, itching, swelling; -
Foul odor; -
Reproductive dysfunction; -
Preconception checkups, including preparation for IVF; -
Evaluation of therapy effectiveness; -
Pelvic surgery; -
STI-positive sexual partner.
T.vaginalis/N.gonorrhoeae Multiplex
The T.vaginalis/N.gonorrhoeae Multiplex REAL-TIME PCR Detection Kit is an in vitro Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) – pathogen-detection-based product. The T.vaginalis/N.gonorrhoeae Multiplex REAL-TIME PCR Detection Kit is intended for simultaneous detection of Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA in human biological material.
Sample: urine, scrapes of epithelial cells from the urogenital tract.
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