Influenza A virus H1N1pdm09/H3N2 Multiplex

Influenza A virus H1N1pdm09/H3N2 Multiplex

Influenza viruses belong to the orthomyxovirus family, which, in turn, is represented by the genera Influenzavirus A, B, C, and D. The main structural and antigenic components of these viruses are hemagglutinin (main subtypes: H1, H2, H3) and neuraminidase (main subtypes N1 and N2).

Influenza viruses selectively attack epithelial cells of the respiratory tract (mainly the trachea), disrupt the immune system, and contribute to mixed infections. The incubation period of influenza ranges from 1 to 4 days, with an average of around 48 hours. The clinical picture of infection with both subtypes of influenza A virus is similar to that of seasonal influenza with symptoms, like:

• fever above 37.5°C;
• sore throat;
• cough;
• headache;
• muscle and joint pain;
• general weakness, malaise.

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection may also cause diarrhea and vomiting, indicating severe intoxication. The peculiarity of influenza caused by subtype A(H3N2) is its quick onset and fever of 39 °C and above. Infection with both subtypes may lead to the development of serious complications. The most common complications include pneumonia (of primary viral, secondary bacterial or bacterial-viral etiology), otitis media and sinusitis. Severe complications of the infection are meningoencephalitis, hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, myocarditis and acute heart failure.