CMV
A test for detecting human cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in human biomaterial by PCR
Category «Herpesvirus infections»
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus (CMV, herpesvirus type 5) belongs to the Herpesviridae family. Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) is a common viral infection caused by CMV. The clinical picture of the infection may vary from asymptomatic disease course to severe generalized forms with damage to internal organs and the central nervous system (in immunocompromised individuals and in cases of intrauterine lesions).
Characteristics of the course of infection
CMV transmission occurs through direct contact with an infected person or through their bodily fluids (breast milk, saliva, urine), sexual contact, parenteral drug administration, transfusion of infected blood, or an infected graft. Despite the presence of cell-mediated and humoral immune response, CMV induces a chronic latent infection. Monocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells serve as a viral reservoir.
Cytomegalovirus is one of the most significant viral pathogens during pregnancy. Infection during pregnancy can have a negative impact on fetal development and pregnancy outcome. CMV infection increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, preterm labor and stillbirth. Congenital infection results from antenatal transmission of the primary infection from mother to fetus during pregnancy, or reactivation of the infection during pregnancy, or infection of a seropositive pregnant woman with another CMV strain due to the presence of CMV in her vagina and cervix. The risk of infecting the child at birth is higher in case of primary infection of the pregnant woman; however, fetal CMV infection can also be due to reactivation of infection during pregnancy. Depending on the gestation period at which the infection occurs, fetal lesions range from blasto- and embryopathies, often resulting in pregnancy termination, to late fetopathies with damage to various organs and systems of the newborn. Congenital CMV infection can cause innate anomalies ultimately leading to fetal death, lethal generalized diseases of the newborn, and irreversible disabilities such as sensorineural hearing loss, blindness, cerebral palsy, delayed neuropsychiatric development.
Cytomegalovirus infection is also a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, causing multi-organ disease in both early and later periods after transplantation, especially when severe immune suppression is present.
Screening for CMV is recommended for:
- pregnancy planning
- pregnant women (primarily when ultrasound shows signs of intrauterine infections, or in cases of lymphadenopathy, fever, hepatitis or hepatosplenomegaly of unclear genesis)
- recipients of blood and its components, organs and tissues (if CMV infection is suspected and within 6 months after transfusion of blood components)
- after sexual contact with a seropositive partner
- women with an obstetric history (perinatal losses, fetal malformations)
- immunocompromised patients (HIV infection, oncology, patients on hemodialysis, immunosuppressive therapy, etc.)
- donors of blood (and its components), organs, tissues, and sperm
- patients with diseases of the GI tract and hepato-pancreato-biliary zone of unclear etiology, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, eye diseases (uveitis, keratitis, retinitis, retinal necrosis).
Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in the blood has great diagnostic value and indicates the high replicative activity of the virus and its influence on pathology development.
In case of primary infection at the “serologic window” stage (before antibody synthesis), detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in blood is the only available diagnostic marker of active virus replication.
Indications:
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Pregnancy planning -
A history of obstetric and perinatal complications -
Clinical symptoms of an intrauterine infection -
Infected sexual partner -
Immunodeficiency conditions/use of immunosuppressants -
Testing recipients and donors of blood/blood components, organs and tissues -
Symptoms of infectious inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract, CNS, oropharynx and eyes
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Assessment of therapy effectiveness
CMV
The Сytomegalovirus (CMV) Real-Time PCR Detection Kit is in vitro DNA test, which is intended for the specific identification of Сytomegalovirus in human biological samples.
Sample:saliva, urine, prostate fluid, ejaculate, swabs from urethra and conjunctiva of the eye, cervix or poster lateral vaginal wall, breast milk, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, liquor, amniotic fluid, tissue samples, depending on professional prescription.
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Please note that the specialists of the DNA Technology company provide consultations exclusively to medical specialists on the application and research features. Requests related to the appointment, delivery, or interpretation of tests are not considered. For relevant information, we recommend contacting the laboratory directly.