NTCM Multiplex
Multiplex PCR test is designed for simultaneous detection of the most widespread obligate pathogens: Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma genitalium.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae are gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria that cause gonococcal infection. Gonococci infect the columnar epithelial cells of the urethra and cervical canal, spreading along the mucous membrane and lymphatic vessels to other parts of the urogenital tract: the posterior urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, epididymis, fallopian tubes, ovaries, etc. Subjective asymptomatic disease progression is observed in over 70% of women. In women during menopause, infection of vaginal epithelial cells with the development of vulvovaginitis is possible. With ascending infection, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may develop, including endometritis, salpingitis, and pelvic peritonitis.
Chronic infection can be a cause of infertility in individuals of both sexes. Women with gonococcal infection during pregnancy are more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes, including premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, neonatal ophthalmia, and perinatal mortality. In extragenital forms of the disease, infection of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx, rectum, and conjunctiva is possible. Rarely, hematogenous dissemination of gonococci with transient gonococcemia or gonococcal sepsis may occur, presenting as gonococcal septicemia and septicopyemia.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalisis a single-celled microorganism belonging to the protozoa. Trichomonads exhibit tropism for squamous epithelium. In women, urogenital trichomoniasis predominantly manifests as vulvovaginitis and cervicitis, and less commonly as urethritis. If the infection ascends, endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may develop. In men, the primary site of infection is the epithelium of the urethral mucosa, after which trichomonads can spread to the tissues of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, etc. In 20–40% of cases, subjectively asymptomatic urogenital trichomoniasis is observed, which complicates timely diagnosis, delays the initiation of treatment in the early stages of the disease, and leads to the development of complications and further spread of the infection. Urogenital trichomoniasis is associated with complications such as ectopic pregnancy, preterm birth, low birth weight, and infertility in individuals of both sexes. According to several studies, the presence of T. vaginalis in the urogenital tract is associated with the persistence of most carcinogenic types of HPV and an increased risk of cervical dysplasia.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen and the most common etiological agent of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydia exhibits tropism for columnar epithelium and can infect the mucous membranes of the urethra, cervical canal, rectum, oropharynx, and conjunctiva. The most frequent clinical manifestations are mucopurulent cervicitis in women and urethritis and prostatitis in men. Subjectively asymptomatic course of chlamydial infection is often observed in individuals of both sexes, which does not allow for the diagnosis of the infectious-inflammatory process at early stages, prior to the development of complications. In the absence of treatment or if therapy is not initiated promptly, the infectious process can become ascending and/or chronic and be the cause of such severe complications as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, chronic prostatitis in men, and infertility in individuals of both sexes. PID increases the risk of developing adhesions, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydial infection in pregnant women can lead to miscarriage and pregnancy loss, the development of fetoplacental insufficiency, intrauterine fetal infection, postpartum inflammatory diseases, and neonatal infections.
Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium is a pathogenic microorganism belonging to the class of motile bacteria. M. genitalium exhibits tropism for columnar epithelium and can infect the mucous membranes of the urethra and cervical canal. The etiological role of M. genitalium in the development of epididymitis and prostatitis is debated, but conclusive evidence on this matter has not yet been obtained. In more than 50% of women, the disease follows a subjectively asymptomatic course. In cases of ascending infection, the development of endometritis and salpingitis is possible. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) associated with M. genitalium is characterized by fewer inflammatory markers and less pronounced clinical symptoms, complicating timely diagnosis and increasing the risk of complications such as infertility, miscarriage, adhesions, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and ectopic pregnancy.
Multiplex PCR advantages
- Simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens enables accurate diagnosis: A characteristic feature of urogenital tract infections is the frequent association of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms with each other (mixed infection), the lack of pathognomonic symptoms, and non-specific clinical presentations with a predominance of chronic disease forms. This necessitates comprehensive diagnostics to establish a diagnosis and prescribe causal therapy.
- Time-saving: Multiplex PCR allows for etiological and differential diagnosis to be conducted within a short timeframe, even in asymptomatic cases. This facilitates the prescription of effective therapy, helps prevent the development of a chronic inflammatory process, and curbs further spread of the infection.
Indications
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Clinical and/or laboratory signs of urogenital tract inflammatory process, including furing pregnancy -
Preconception examination, including preparation for IVF -
Redness, itching, swelling -
Discharge and unpleasant odor -
Reproductive disorders -
Assessment of therapy efficacy and treatment outcomes -
Pelvic surgery -
STIs in sexual partner
NTCM Multiplex
The NTCM Multiplex test is designed for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma genitalium DNA in human biological material by real-time PCR. The kit can be used in clinical diagnostic laboratories of medical institutions and in research practice.
Biomaterial: epithelial cell swabs from urogenital tract.
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Please note that the specialists of the DNA Technology company provide consultations exclusively to medical specialists on the application and research features. Requests related to the appointment, delivery, or interpretation of tests are not considered. For relevant information, we recommend contacting the laboratory directly.